E. Health Network
2025-06-15 14:39:08
5147
2
List of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine (Health)
The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine is awarded, according to the will of Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel, “to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind” in the fields of physiology or medicine. It is conferred by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
|
Year |
Name |
Country* |
Achievement |
|
1901 |
Germany |
work on serum therapy |
|
|
1902 |
U.K. |
discovery of how
malaria enters an organism |
|
|
1903 |
Denmark |
treatment of skin
diseases with light |
|
|
1904 |
Russia |
work on the physiology
of digestion |
|
|
1905 |
Germany |
tuberculosis research |
|
|
1906 |
Italy |
work on the structure
of the nervous system |
|
|
Spain |
work on the structure
of the nervous system |
||
|
1907 |
France |
discovery of the role
of protozoans in diseases |
|
|
1908 |
Germany |
work on immunity |
|
|
Russia |
work on immunity |
||
|
1909 |
Switzerland |
physiology, pathology,
and surgery of the thyroid gland |
|
|
1910 |
Germany |
researches in cellular
chemistry |
|
|
1911 |
Sweden |
work on dioptrics of
the eye |
|
|
1912 |
France |
work on vascular
suture; transplantation of organs |
|
|
1913 |
France |
work on anaphylaxis |
|
|
1914 |
Austria-Hungary |
work on vestibular
apparatus |
|
|
1919 |
Belgium |
work on immunity
factors in blood serum |
|
|
1920 |
Denmark |
discovery of the
capillary motor-regulating mechanism |
|
|
1922 |
U.K. |
discoveries concerning
heat production in muscles |
|
|
Germany |
work on metabolism of
lactic acid in muscles |
||
|
1923 |
Canada |
discovery of insulin |
|
|
U.K. |
discovery of insulin |
||
|
1924 |
Netherlands |
discovery of
electrocardiogram mechanism |
|
|
1926 |
Denmark |
contributions to
cancer research |
|
|
1927 |
Austria |
work on malaria
inoculation in dementia paralytica |
|
|
1928 |
France |
work on typhus |
|
|
1929 |
Netherlands |
discovery of the
antineuritic vitamin |
|
|
U.K. |
discovery of
growth-stimulating vitamins |
||
|
1930 |
U.S. |
discovery of human
blood groups |
|
|
1931 |
Germany |
discovery of the
nature and action of the respiratory enzyme |
|
|
1932 |
U.K. |
discoveries regarding
function of neurons |
|
|
U.K. |
discoveries regarding
function of neurons |
||
|
1933 |
U.S. |
heredity transmission
functions of chromosomes |
|
|
1934 |
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
liver treatment for anemia |
|
|
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
liver treatment for anemia |
||
|
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
liver treatment for anemia |
||
|
1935 |
Germany |
organizer effect in
embryos |
|
|
1936 |
U.K. |
work on chemical
transmission of nerve impulses |
|
|
Germany |
work on chemical
transmission of nerve impulses |
||
|
1937 |
Hungary |
work on biological
combustion |
|
|
1938 |
Belgium |
discovery of the role
of sinus and aortic mechanisms in respiration regulation |
|
|
1939 |
Gerhard Domagk (declined) |
Germany |
antibacterial effect
of Prontosil |
|
1943 |
Denmark |
discovery of vitamin K |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of the
chemical nature of vitamin K |
||
|
1944 |
U.S. |
researches on
differentiated functions of nerve fibres |
|
|
U.S. |
researches on
differentiated functions of nerve fibres |
||
|
1945 |
U.K. |
discovery of
penicillin and its curative value |
|
|
U.K. |
discovery of
penicillin and its curative value |
||
|
Australia |
discovery of
penicillin and its curative value |
||
|
1946 |
U.S. |
production of
mutations by X-radiation |
|
|
1947 |
U.S. |
discovery of how
glycogen is catalytically converted |
|
|
Argentina |
pituitary hormone
function in sugar metabolism |
||
|
1948 |
Switzerland |
properties of DDT |
|
|
1949 |
Portugal |
therapeutic value of
leucotomy in psychoses |
|
|
Switzerland |
discovery of functions
of the interbrain |
||
|
1950 |
U.S. |
research on adrenal
cortex hormones, their structure and biological effects |
|
|
U.S. |
research on adrenal
cortex hormones, their structure and biological effects |
||
|
Switzerland |
research on adrenal
cortex hormones, their structure and biological effects |
||
|
1951 |
South Africa |
yellow fever
discoveries |
|
|
1952 |
U.S. |
discovery of
streptomycin |
|
|
1953 |
U.K. |
discovery of the
citric acid cycle in metabolism of carbohydrates |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of coenzyme
A in metabolism of carbohydrates |
||
|
1954 |
U.S. |
cultivation of the
poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures |
|
|
U.S. |
cultivation of the
poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures |
||
|
U.S. |
cultivation of the
poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures |
||
|
1955 |
Sweden |
nature and mode of
action of oxidation enzymes |
|
|
1956 |
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
heart catheterization and circulatory changes |
|
|
West Germany |
discoveries concerning
heart catheterization and circulatory changes |
||
|
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
heart catheterization and circulatory changes |
||
|
1957 |
Italy |
production of
synthetic curare |
|
|
1958 |
U.S. |
genetic regulation of
chemical processes |
|
|
U.S. |
genetic recombination |
||
|
U.S. |
genetic regulation of
chemical processes |
||
|
1959 |
U.S. |
work on producing
nucleic acids artificially |
|
|
U.S. |
work on producing
nucleic acids artificially |
||
|
1960 |
Australia |
acquired immunity to
tissue transplants |
|
|
U.K. |
acquired immunity to
tissue transplants |
||
|
1961 |
U.S. |
functions of the inner
ear |
|
|
1962 |
U.K. |
discoveries concerning
the molecular structure of DNA |
|
|
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
the molecular structure of DNA |
||
|
U.K. |
discoveries concerning
the molecular structure of DNA |
||
|
1963 |
Australia |
study of the
transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre |
|
|
U.K. |
study of the
transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre |
||
|
U.K. |
study of the
transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre |
||
|
1964 |
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism |
|
|
West Germany |
discoveries concerning
cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism |
||
|
1965 |
France |
discoveries concerning
regulatory activities of body cells |
|
|
France |
discoveries concerning
regulatory activities of body cells |
||
|
France |
discoveries concerning
regulatory activities of body cells |
||
|
1966 |
U.S. |
research on causes and
treatment of cancer |
|
|
U.S. |
research on causes and
treatment of cancer |
||
|
1967 |
Sweden |
discoveries about
chemical and physiological visual processes in the eye |
|
|
U.S. |
discoveries about
chemical and physiological visual processes in the eye |
||
|
U.S. |
discoveries about
chemical and physiological visual processes in the eye |
||
|
1968 |
U.S. |
deciphering the
genetic code |
|
|
U.S. |
deciphering the
genetic code |
||
|
U.S. |
deciphering the
genetic code |
||
|
1969 |
U.S. |
research and
discoveries concerning viruses and viral diseases |
|
|
U.S. |
research and
discoveries concerning viruses and viral diseases |
||
|
U.S. |
research and
discoveries concerning viruses and viral diseases |
||
|
1970 |
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
the chemistry of nerve impulse transmission |
|
|
Sweden |
discoveries concerning
the chemistry of nerve impulse transmission |
||
|
U.K. |
discoveries concerning
the chemistry of nerve impulse transmission |
||
|
1971 |
U.S. |
action of hormones |
|
|
1972 |
U.S. |
research on the
chemical structure of antibodies |
|
|
U.K. |
research on the
chemical structure of antibodies |
||
|
1973 |
Austria |
discoveries in animal
behaviour patterns |
|
|
Austria |
discoveries in animal
behaviour patterns |
||
|
U.K. |
discoveries in animal
behaviour patterns |
||
|
1974 |
U.S. |
research on structural
and functional organization of cells |
|
|
Belgium |
research on structural
and functional organization of cells |
||
|
U.S. |
research on structural
and functional organization of cells |
||
|
1975 |
U.S. |
interaction between
tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell |
|
|
U.S. |
interaction between
tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell |
||
|
U.S. |
interaction between
tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell |
||
|
1976 |
U.S. |
studies of the origin
and spread of infectious diseases |
|
|
U.S. |
studies of the origin
and spread of infectious diseases |
||
|
1977 |
U.S. |
research on pituitary
hormones |
|
|
U.S. |
research on pituitary
hormones |
||
|
U.S. |
development of
radioimmunoassay |
||
|
1978 |
Switzerland |
discovery and
application of enzymes that fragment DNA |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery and
application of enzymes that fragment DNA |
||
|
U.S. |
discovery and
application of enzymes that fragment DNA |
||
|
1979 |
U.S. |
development of the CAT
scan |
|
|
U.K. |
development of the CAT
scan |
||
|
1980 |
U.S. |
investigations of
genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances |
|
|
France |
investigations of
genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances |
||
|
U.S. |
investigations of
genetic control of the response of the immune system to foreign substances |
||
|
1981 |
U.S. |
processing of visual
information by the brain |
|
|
U.S. |
functions of the
cerebral hemispheres |
||
|
Sweden |
processing of visual
information by the brain |
||
|
1982 |
Sweden |
biochemistry and
physiology of prostaglandins |
|
|
Sweden |
biochemistry and
physiology of prostaglandins |
||
|
U.K. |
biochemistry and
physiology of prostaglandins |
||
|
1983 |
U.S. |
discovery of mobile
plant genes that affect heredity |
|
|
1984 |
U.K.-Denmark |
theory and development
of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies |
|
|
West Germany |
theory and development
of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies |
||
|
Argentina |
theory and development
of a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies |
||
|
1985 |
U.S. |
discovery of cell
receptors relating to cholesterol metabolism |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of cell
receptors relating to cholesterol metabolism |
||
|
1986 |
U.S. |
discovery of chemical
agents that help regulate the growth of cells |
|
|
Italy |
discovery of chemical
agents that help regulate the growth of cells |
||
|
1987 |
Japan |
study of genetic
aspects of antibodies |
|
|
1988 |
U.K. |
development of new
classes of drugs for combating disease |
|
|
U.S. |
development of new
classes of drugs for combating disease |
||
|
U.S. |
development of new
classes of drugs for combating disease |
||
|
1989 |
U.S. |
study of
cancer-causing genes (oncogenes) |
|
|
U.S. |
study of
cancer-causing genes (oncogenes) |
||
|
1990 |
U.S. |
development of kidney
and bone marrow transplants |
|
|
U.S. |
development of kidney
and bone marrow transplants |
||
|
1991 |
Germany |
discovery of how cells
communicate, as related to diseases |
|
|
Germany |
discovery of how cells
communicate, as related to diseases |
||
|
1992 |
U.S. |
discovery of the class
of enzymes called protein kinases |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of the class
of enzymes called protein kinases |
||
|
1993 |
U.K. |
discovery of
"split," or interrupted, genetic structure |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of
"split," or interrupted, genetic structure |
||
|
1994 |
U.S. |
discovery of cell
signalers called G-proteins |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of cell
signalers called G-proteins |
||
|
1995 |
U.S. |
identification of
genes that control the body's early structural development |
|
|
Germany |
identification of
genes that control the body's early structural development |
||
|
U.S. |
identification of
genes that control the body's early structural development |
||
|
1996 |
Australia |
discovery of how the
immune system recognizes virus-infected cells |
|
|
Switzerland |
discovery of how the
immune system recognizes virus-infected cells |
||
|
1997 |
U.S. |
discovery of the
prion, a type of disease-causing protein |
|
|
1998 |
U.S. |
discovery that nitric
oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery that nitric
oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system |
||
|
U.S. |
discovery that nitric
oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system |
||
|
1999 |
U.S. |
discovery that
proteins have signals governing cellular organization |
|
|
2000 |
Sweden |
discovery of how
signals are transmitted between nerve cells in the brain |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of how
signals are transmitted between nerve cells in the brain |
||
|
U.S. |
discovery of how
signals are transmitted between nerve cells in the brain |
||
|
2001 |
U.S. |
discovery of key
regulators of the cell cycle |
|
|
U.K. |
discovery of key
regulators of the cell cycle |
||
|
U.K. |
discovery of key
regulators of the cell cycle |
||
|
2002 |
U.K. |
discoveries concerning
genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis) |
|
|
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis) |
||
|
U.K. |
discoveries concerning
genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death (apoptosis) |
||
|
2003 |
U.S. |
development of
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
|
|
U.K. |
development of
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
||
|
2004 |
U.S. |
discovery of odorant
receptors and the organization of the olfactory system |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of odorant
receptors and the organization of the olfactory system |
||
|
2005 |
Australia |
discovery of
bacteria's role in peptic ulcer disease |
|
|
Australia |
discovery of
bacteria's role in peptic ulcer disease |
||
|
2006 |
U.S. |
discovery of RNA
interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNA |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of RNA
interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNA |
||
|
2007 |
U.S. |
discovery of
principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of
embryonic stem cells |
|
|
U.K. |
discovery of
principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of
embryonic stem cells |
||
|
U.S. |
discovery of
principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of
embryonic stem cells |
||
|
2008 |
France |
discovery of human
immunodeficiency virus |
|
|
France |
discovery of human
immunodeficiency virus |
||
|
Germany |
discovery of human
papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer |
||
|
2009 |
U.S. |
discovery of how
chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of how
chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase |
||
|
U.S. |
discovery of how
chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase |
||
|
2010 |
U.K. |
development of in
vitro fertilization |
|
|
2011 |
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
the activation of innate immunity |
|
|
Luxembourg/France |
discoveries concerning
the activation of innate immunity |
||
|
Canada |
discovery of the
dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity |
||
|
2012 |
U.K. |
discovery that mature
cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent |
|
|
Japan |
discovery that mature
cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent |
||
|
2013 |
U.S. |
discoveries of
machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in cells |
|
|
U.S. |
discoveries of
machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in cells |
||
|
Germany/U.S. |
discoveries of
machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in cells |
||
|
2014 |
Norway |
discoveries of cells
that constitute a positioning system in the brain |
|
|
Norway |
discoveries of cells
that constitute a positioning system in the brain |
||
|
U.S./U.K. |
discoveries of cells
that constitute a positioning system in the brain |
||
|
2015 |
Ireland |
discoveries concerning
a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites |
|
|
Japan |
discoveries concerning
a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites |
||
|
China |
discoveries concerning
a novel therapy against malaria |
||
|
2016 |
Japan |
discoveries of
mechanisms for autophagy |
|
|
2017 |
U.S. |
discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm |
|
|
U.S. |
discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm |
||
|
U.S. |
discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm |
||
|
2018 |
U.S. |
discovery of cancer
therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation |
|
|
Japan |
discovery of cancer
therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation |
||
|
2019 |
U.S. |
discoveries of how
cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability |
|
|
U.K. |
discoveries of how
cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability |
||
|
U.S. |
discoveries of how
cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability |
||
|
2020 |
U.S. |
discovery of hepatitis
C virus |
|
|
U.K. |
discovery of hepatitis
C virus |
||
|
U.S. |
discovery of hepatitis
C virus |
||
|
2021 |
U.S. |
discoveries of
receptors for temperature and touch |
|
|
Leb./U.S. |
discoveries of
receptors for temperature and touch |
||
|
2022 |
Sweden |
discoveries concerning
the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution |
|
|
2023 |
Hungary/U.S. |
discoveries concerning
nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA
vaccines against COVID-19 |
|
|
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA
vaccines against COVID-19 |
||
|
2024 |
U.S. |
discovery of microRNA
and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation |
|
|
U.S. |
discovery of microRNA
and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation |
||
|
2025 |
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
peripheral immune tolerance |
|
|
U.S. |
discoveries concerning
peripheral immune tolerance |
||
|
Japan |
discoveries concerning
peripheral immune tolerance |
Leave Your Comment